Biochemical Evaluation of Selected Renal Indices in Women with Metabolic Syndrome in Ilesa Metropolis South Western Nigeria

Aim: The aim of this study was to see the effects of metabolic syndrome on some selected renal indices for kidney biological functions.

Study Design: One-factor, one control - one test group quasi - experimental design.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Chemical Pathology, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Wesley Guild Hospital Unit, Ilesa, Osun State, Nigeria, between July 2015 and March 2016.

Methodology: A total of eighty (80) subjects were recruited for the study, and were grouped into normotensive women (n=40), and women with metabolic syndrome (n=40). Blood samples (10 mL venous blood) and 24 hour timed urine were collected, centrifuged and stored as plasma and aliquoted urine respectively before subjection to biochemical analysis. Blood plasma and urine samples were analyzed for renal indices using standard flame photometry and Spectrophotometric methods.

Results: Renal indices results revealed that Plasma (creatinine, urea, sodium and potassium) were significantly raised in women with metabolic syndrome when compared to normotensive women while significant decreases were observed in Urine (creatinine, potassium and urea) and creatinine clearance rates respectively in same comparison. However, a non-significant increase in Urine (volume and protein), as well as a non-significant decrease in urea clearance rates and urine sodium were seen in women with metabolic syndrome when compared to normotensive women.

Conclusion: This work revealed that metabolic syndrome has negative effects on the renal indices investigated which were attributed to the characterizing high blood pressure and vessel dysregulation to possibly result in kidney dysfunction in its sufferer. This work thus showed that renal indices can be employed with other investigations to diagnose metabolic syndrome, prevents its medical complications and monitor treatment progress.