Overweight School Children in the Urban Community of Niamey According to their Eating Habits, Level of Physical Activity and Social and Economic Characteristics

Background: Overweight and obesity during adolescence are a worldwide public health concern, due to their potential impact on health and their increasing frequency. Dietary habits such as overconsumption of energy-dense foods combined with low levels of physical activity are the main causes.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of adolescents' dietary and lifestyle habits on the prevalence of overweight and obesity.

Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of pupils aged 11 to 17 in lower secondary schools in the Niamey Urban Community. Anthropometric parameters were measured for each pupil, and a questionnaire was completed concerning dietary habits, level of physical activity and lifestyle. Results were analyzed using Epi info software version 7.2.5.0.

Results: The prevalence of obesity differed significantly between the sexes. 2.86% in boys versus 5.95% in girls (p < 0.05). The three main meals of the day, morning snack and afternoon tea, were respectively provided for 83.24% of pupils for breakfast, 95.06% for lunch, and 91.90% for dinner. Among the pupils, 37.85% travelled to school by car or motorcycle; 60% practised a sport. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 11.00% and 1.4% respectively. The majority of students had a sleep time of between 5-8 hours (80.24) per day, significantly so (p<0.05).

Conclusion: With regard to eating habits, around 10% consumed offal every day, with a significant link (p<0.05). These results justify awareness-raising activities among pupils, and the involvement of parents and teachers in strategies focusing on food hygiene and sport.