A Study of Glucose Tolerance Test, Body Mass Index and Waist Hip Ratio as a Marker of Pre-Diabetes

Background: India is becoming the “Diabetes Capital of the World”. Younger and younger individuals are being diagnosed with Diabetes. This study was planned to diagnose prediabetes in younger individuals having positive family history with aim of encouraging to develop lifestyle modifications to delay progression to Diabetes.

Aims: To study prediabetes in first degree relatives (FDR) of diabetic patients in the group of 30-45 years by glucose tolerance test (GTT), body mass index (BMI) and waist hip ratio (WHR).

Study Design: Cross sectional observational study.

Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted at Department of general medicine, Dr D Y Patil Medical College, Pune 18 from July 2019-september 2021.

Methodology: This study conducted in a semi-urban Teaching Hospital in Maharashtra, India. 100 asymptomatic first-degree relatives (31 women, 69 men) age group 30-45 years, of diabetic patients were selected for study after informed consent. The study participants were clinically examined and subjected to OGTT (oral glucose tolerance test) and BMI, WHR were calculated. Data analysis was done using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) Software version 20.

Results: In our study, out of 100 participants 61% study subjects were overweight having a BMI of 25-29.90 and 13% were obese. 65% subjects had raised Waist to hip ratio. 36 subjects had raised fasting Blood sugar level (BSL) and 40% had raised 2hr BSL on OGTT and incidence of diabetes and prediabetes were 14% and 26% respectively.

Conclusion: Significant correlation of Prediabetes was seen with abnormal OGTT, Raised Fasting Blood glucose, raised BMI. We found higher incidence of Prediabetes in those with Maternal Diabetes.